Washed concrete is a kind of floor covering which it’s surface is made of high-grade aggregate and is used for landscaping of the villa, garden, walkway, car parking, pool surround, and industrial areas.

Types of washed concrete:

• Washed aggregate (monolithic): In the past, when the mosaic production machinery was not built yet, people were using exposed aggregate concrete.

After preparing the desired space, the concrete mixture was prepared and disposed in the mold, flat the surface then washed with water pressure, cement around the aggregates were washed and part of the surface of the stone was highlighted. This model was not suitable due to the lack of accurate formulation, the impossibility of pressing and vibration and ultimately improper curing of concrete, and after a short time lost its quality and aggregates separated from the surface of concrete. There for, this kind of flooring cover was inaccessible for construction and to architects and civil engineers.

• Vibrating washed concrete:

Due to the problems with the implementation of washed aggregate , the technology of vibrating washed concrete was made and a lot of manufacturing workshops were launched for the production of vibrated washed concrete.

For producing the vibrating washed concrete, we pour the mixture of concrete, stone powder, and aggregates and water into the rubber molds in dimensions 30*30, 40*40, and 30*60 and placed on the vibration table. The reason for placing on the vibration table is the discharge of bubbles of the concrete, which will increase the density of washed concrete and reduce the amount of water absorption , after 24 hours of the relative strength of washed concrete, they will be take out from the mold and by water washing, the surface of it will be exposed.

Despite the fact that this method is better than the washed aggregate, but unfortunately due to the incomplete vibration system, resistance and quality are not acceptable for employers, contractors and consultant engineers.

• Pressed washed concrete:

After the dissatisfaction of engineers, employers and construction contractors and consulting engineers with the quality and technical characteristics of vibrated washed concrete, the technology of making pressed washed concrete, was formed. In production of pressed washed concrete, the process of producing was more completed.

In this method, the raw materials including cement, aggregate, stone powder and water mixed into the mold, to fill 50 % of the mold, then the remaining mold capacity with the cement and sand with very little water filled and pressed.

The action of the press causes the extra water of the front layer to be added to the back of it.

Pressure strength should be at least 300 Tones. After pressing remove the washed concrete and put it in the steam room for 24 hours and then wash the surface. The quality of this type of washed concrete is much better than the vibrated types.

The dimensions of this type of washed concrete are 30*30, 40*40 &50*50.

Unfortunately, many units use small pressed machines about 25 to 50 tones, which cause the washed concrete has low density and has a high water absorption that make them vulnerable to cold and frost.

On the other hand, except for one or two large units in the country, the other units have not a steam room, which causes to cure badly and do not have good molecular consistency and is not resistant to traffic. Formulation of raw material is another factor, unfortunately many of units have not equipped in laboratory and this factor affecting the quality of pressed washed concrete.

• Antique washed concrete:

Antique washed concrete is a new generation of washed concrete in the world. This is produced by a very advanced and equipped machinery that is exclusively owned by Breton (Italy). In the process of this type of washed concrete, the selection of raw materials, including aggregates, micronized powder, cement, water, colored pigments and concrete additives, is initiated with special sensitivity.

The aggregates should be accordance with the relevant standards in compression strength, water absorption, abrasion coefficient and cement resistance.

Micronized powder, cement, color pigments and concrete additives should be standard.

The water used in the mixing should be refined and free of mineral salts.

The used of specialized carboxylate super-lubricants in mixing, reduces the amount of water to cement in concrete, which results in addition to high-density, the absorbing water will reduce and increases the flexural strength.

Landscaping and Roof Garden in buildings:

Landscaping is one of the most important parts of building construction project, which has been hidden from the architects and builders.

Recently, designers of landscaping and architects have realized the importance of this part of building and are trying to design the courtyards and roofs as a beautiful space in buildings.

Gardeners and urban planners are transforming the most overlooked and underused part of any building- the roof. With a little thought and innovation, it is possible to transform a roof into a space of relaxation, entertainment.

The courtyard and yard landscaping also have a great effect on the beautification of the building and also it is a good place to spend the leisure time of the residents. This eye-catching place is created by using the good material and elements such as pond, alter, pool, with good green space and beautiful design of architects and designers.

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